MoA: Reduces sympathetic stimulation of the heart by blocking beta-1 and beta-2 receptors. This is a non-selective beta blocker because it acts on both beta receptors.
- Beta-1 receptors increase the force of myocardial contraction, raise heart rate, and stimulate electrical conduction via SA and AV nodes.
- Beta-2 receptors dilate bronchioles, relax the uterus, decrease gastric motility, and increase renin secretion.
Indications: Hypertension, Angina, Heart Failure
Contraindications: Asthma, COPD
Side Effects: Bradycardia, Hypotension, Dizziness, Bradycardia
Drug Interactions: Antacids, Antimuscarinics, Anticholinergics, Diuretics, Neuromuscular Blockers, Oral Hypoglycemics
Nursing Implications:
- Educate patients to change positions slowly.
- Do not stop this medication abruptly. It can precipitate rebound hypertension.
- Hold this medication if the patient is experiencing hypotension and/or bradycardia.
- Teach the patient about reporting constipation, urinary hesitancy, or bladder distention immediately. Other signs that need to be reported include edema, weight gain, shortness of breath, and syncope.
